Author	Design	Level of Evidence	Male/ Female	Age, years	Injury Mechanism	Injury Severity	Injury type- Chronic vs Acute	Surgical Technique	Postoperative Complications	DVT Prophylaxis	DVT Treatment	Characteristics of DVT patient
Cohen et al [@420893]	Case series: outcome in 52 patients after surgical repair of a proximal hamstring injury that was either acute or fail nonoperative management	4	26 male, 26 female	Average: 47.7 years Range: 17-66	27 slip-and-fall, 1 heavy lifting, 23 sports-related (6 waterskiing, 6 running, 4 skiing, 2 softball, 1 baseball, 2 football, 2 tennis)	38 complete avulsions, 12 2-tendon tears (one of whom had bony avulsion), 2 1-tendon tear	40 acute, 12 chronic	Transverse incision, 5 suture anchors placed on ischial tuberosity	20 incisional numbness, 5 posterior thigh numbness, 1 DVT	4 weeks of postoperative aspirin (dose unspecified)	Anticoagulation for 3 months	None specified
Barnett et al [@420890]	Case series: outcome in 132 patients after surgical repair of a proximal hamstring injury	4	77 male, 55 female	Average: 42.5 years (SD 12.2)	10 falls, 100 sports-related (29 waterskiing, 24 splits, 13 sprinting, 11 rugby, 7 soccer, 5 tennis, 4 surfing, 3 martial arts, 2 netball, 2 skiing) 20 other	96 complete avulsions, (36 acute, 60 chronic), 36 partial avulsions (2 acute, 34 chronic)	38 acute, 94 chronic	5-7cm longitudinal incision, 3 anchors with additional number-5 Ethibond sutures (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) threaded through the anchors and inserted into the ischial tuberosity	8 postoperative hamstring tightness, 5 hamstring cramping, 2 pain at ischial tuberosity, 6 sciatica-like pain, 1 posterior thigh numbness, 1 new onset hip pain, 1 pulmonary embolus with subsequent hematoma after warfarin therapy, 1 superficial wound infection, 2 re-rupture, 1 DVT	None specified	Warfarin (duration unspecified)	None specified
Leger- St- Jean et al [@420901]	Therapeutic trial; outcome in 38 proximal hamstring injuries among 34 patients treated acutely with surgery; all 4 patients with 2 surgeries were from separate injuries at different times	3	27 male, 16 female; 9 unspecified and excluded from study due to lack of follow-up	Average: 45.8 ± 15.7 years	10 falls, 16 sports (10 waterskiing, 6 running); only most common injuries listed	33 complete avulsions, 9 2-tendon tears, 3 1-tendon tear (among the 47 patients identified via author’s record review, exact numbers among the 34 patients who completed follow-up are unknown)	22 acute, 16 chronic	10 cm longitudinal incision, 2 anchors placed in lateral aspect of ischial tuberosity	2 re-rupture, 1 osteomyelitis, 4 sciatica- like symptoms, 1 DVT	None specified	None specified	DVT was noted to occur in the contralateral leg
Sarimo et al [@420909]	Case series: outcome in 41 patients with complete proximal hamstring avulsions treated operatively	4	21 male, 20 female	Average: 46 years Range: 18-71 years	22 sports-related (9 cross country skiing, 3 waterskiing, 3 downhill skiing), 15 slip-and-fall, 4 other	41 complete avulsions	14 acute, 27 chronic	Longitudinal incision; 2-4 anchors inserted, autologous free graft from the ipsilateral distal iliotibial tract used in 1 patient	2 re-rupture, 4 neuralgia-type pain, 1 superficial wound infection, 1 partial dehiscence, 1 postoperative seroma, 1 DVT	None specified	Anticoagulation (duration unspecified)	None specified
Sallay et al [@420908]	Case series: outcome in 25 patients with complete hamstring ruptures treated operatively	4	13 male, 12 female	Average: 43.5 years Range: 20-69 years	Mechanism not specified	25 complete avulsions	18 acute, 7 chronic	Longitudinal incision in all chronic cases; either transverse or longitudinal incision in acute cases; 2-4 titanium suture anchors used	4 stiffness after activity, 2 constant stiffness, 2 numbness and tingling, 1 DVT	None specified	Anticoagulation (duration not specified)	DVT occurred in patient undergoing repair of chronic injury (167 days between injury and operation); patient noted to have flown at 9 days postoperatively; DVT diagnosed 2 weeks postoperatively
Ebert et al [@420895]	Case series: outcomes in 6 patients with chronic proximal hamstring avulsion injuries treated using ipsilateral distal tendon autologous free graft	4	2 male, 4 female	Average: 47.5 years Range: 30-61 years	4 sports-related (1 surfing, 1 running, 1 roller skating, 1 soccer), 2 other	6 complete avulsions	6 chronic	Longitudinal incision, distal ipsilateral hamstring graft from the gracilis and semitendinosus; 2 suture anchors placed on lateral ischial footprint; 2 anchors placed on the posterior ischium	1 second operation to remove hardware causing irritation, 1 DVT	None specified	Unspecified	None specified
Kanakamedala et al [@420900]	Case Series: outcomes in 46 patients after surgical repair of proximal hamstring injury; only 38 complete sets of patient-reported outcomes collected	Not listed	16 Male, 22 Female	Average: 51.4 years Range: 18-65 years	25 mechanical fall, 7 running, 4 water skiing, 10 various sports activities	28 three- tendon injury, 9 two-tendon injury, 1 One-tendon injury	19 acute, 19 chronic	Open approach with transverse incision; sutures from anchors used to reattach at ischial tuberosity; in chronic cases with concern for significant tendon retraction, longitudinal incision was used	2 sciatic nerve symptoms, 1 atraumatic re-rupture, 1 superficial wound infection, 1 chronic draining sinus tract, 1 DVT	None specified	Anti-coagulation therapy (duration unspecified)	DVT diagnosed 6 weeks postoperatively; patient had history of superficial venous thrombosis
Willinger et al [@420912]	Case series: outcome in 94 patients after surgical repair of proximal hamstring tendon	4	Average: 53.8 years	53 male, 41 female	Mechanism not specified	36 partial tendon tear, 58 complete tendon tear	71 acute, 23 chronic	Horizontal incision made at gluteal crease; suture anchors used to reattach tendon at ischial tuberosity	1 Hematoma, 4 paresthesia, 1 wound infection, 36 sitting discomfort, 1 revision surgery due to postoperative hematoma, 2 DVT	None specified	None specified	No characteristics of DVT patients specified